In J.B. Priestley’s drama An Inspector Calls, Mr. Arthur Birling undergoes minimal change, reflecting the themes of self-interest and stubbornness typical of the upper elite in early 20th-century society. Inspector Goole’s character generally remains unchanged throughout the play, despite his moral teachings.

Initial Attitude and Beliefs

At the play’s beginning, Mr. Birling is shown as a confident and strong businessman who is proud of his achievements and has a strong foundation in capitalism. He is renowned for advocating for individualism and independence and for declaring, “A man has to make his own way.”

This statement demonstrates his lack of understanding of social responsibility and the interconnectedness of society. It is evident that Birling has a disdainful attitude toward individuals, particularly the working class, when he denies responsibility for the outcomes of his actions, such as dismissing Eva Smith for requesting greater pay.

Confrontation with the Inspector

Birling’s assured demeanor begins to falter as Inspector Goole arrives. When the Inspector reveals the truth about Eva Smith’s life and terrible end, Birling is forced to confront the repercussions of his decisions. However, he attempts to maintain control of the situation by using his authority rather than honestly reflecting on what he done. By emphasizing his social status and dismissing the Inspector’s inquiries as unnecessary, he challenges the Inspector. This resistance to change reveals Birling’s unwavering convictions and lack of accountability.

Denial and Refusal to Accept Responsibility

As the Inspector’s probe goes on, Birling’s answers show his lack of moral growth. He consistently downplays the seriousness of his actions by asserting that he had nothing to do with Eva’s death. Even after it becomes clear that his decisions hurt her, Birling continues to assert that he is not responsible. His famous quote, “I did nothing I’m ashamed of,” demonstrates his refusal to take responsibility for his actions.

Minimal Change

The play ends with Mr. Birling’s character substantially unchanged. Despite the Inspector’s powerful disclosures, he does not experience a profound conversion or develop a deeper sense of societal duty. In his final interactions, he demonstrates his continued concern for his social standing and reputation by saying, “We were right about one thing, though,” in relief that the Inspector might not be telling the truth. It was a fraud.

All in all, Mr. Birling’s constancy throughout An Inspector Calls serves as an indictment of the upper class’s moral flaws and complacency. Priestley used Birling to illustrate the dangers of self-interest and a failure to accept responsibility for one’s actions. Ultimately, this opposition to change highlights the need for society to be more socially aware and responsible.