1.Public libraries often increase community engagement when visitors feel personally included. One city reported higher attendance after staff began asking patrons whether _______ needed assistance finding materials.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) it
B) one
C) they
D) he
2. The Roman philosopher Seneca argued that true happiness comes from self-control, writing that wisdom is “the ability to distinguish what matters from what does not” _______ this idea influenced later Stoic thought.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) not, asserting
B) not”: asserting
C) not,” asserting
D) not.” Asserting
3. The research team credited the accuracy of the study to the statisticians, noting that _______ careful analysis prevented misleading conclusions.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) they’re
B) its
C) it’s
D) their
4. Marketing strategies tend to be more effective when customers believe _______ choices are respected rather than manipulated.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) its
B) their
C) it’s
D) they’re
5. In the early twentieth century, psychologists began studying memory in controlled laboratory settings. Many scholars _______ that these experiments laid the foundation for modern cognitive science.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) arguing
B) argue
C) having argued
D) to argue
6. Marine biologists have identified how certain deep-sea fish survive extreme pressure _______ their cellular structures remain stable even at depths exceeding 6,000 meters.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) pressure:
B) pressure,
C) pressure while
D) pressure
7. Urban planners often promote mixed-use development to reduce commute times _______ residents can live, work, and shop within the same neighborhood.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) times,
B) times while
C) times:
D) times
8. During the Renaissance, artists experimented with perspective to create realistic depth. Historians _______ that these innovations permanently changed visual representation.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) asserting
B) assert
C) having asserted
D) to assert
9. When composing Beloved (1987), novelist Toni Morrison drew from historical records as well as oral histories passed down through generations. Although the novel was her fifth, her storytelling _______ recognized internationally long before its publication.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) were
B) are
C) has been
D) have been
10. Researchers at a marine biology institute discovered that rising ocean temperatures reduce the availability of dissolved oxygen, making survival difficult for certain fish species. If oxygen levels were stabilized through artificial aeration systems, _______ the researchers aimed to investigate.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) could the fish populations recover.
B) the fish populations could recover.
C) the fish populations could recover?
D) could the fish populations recover?
11. Although commercial plastics are cheap, versatile, and easy to produce, _______ they are made from nonrenewable petroleum, and most do not biodegrade in landfills.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) there are two major problems with commercial plastics:
B) two major problems with commercial plastics are
C) commercial plastics’ two major problems include that
D) commercial plastics have two major problems,
12. Music and memory play a key role in Elena Ferrante’s fiction. In My Brilliant Friend, for instance, the narrator reflects on her childhood in Naples, while in The Lost Daughter, the protagonist ______ sudden emotional reactions triggered by ordinary events.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) experienced
B) had experienced
C) experiences
D) will be experiencing
13. While many architects aim to design buildings that are increasingly _______ others embrace older styles, drawing inspiration from classical Greek and Roman structures.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) innovative but
B) innovative
C) innovative,
D) innovative, but
14. The filmmaker became famous for satirical comedies that critiqued modern consumer culture. In _______ place, her most recent work offers an intimate portrayal of her childhood and family life.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) its
B) they’re
C) their
D) it’s
15. The haiku, a traditional form of Japanese poetry, is known for its brevity and precision. Literary scholars note that each poem’s three lines, though governed by strict syllabic rules, _______ capable of expressing a complete and self-contained moment of perception.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) is
B) was
C) has been
D) are
16. In the early 1990s, British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee introduced the World Wide Web, demonstrating how hypertext could connect information across the internet. Today, Berners-Lee _______ recognized as the inventor of the Web.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) will be
B) had been
C) was
D) is
17. American engineer Emily Warren Roebling played a crucial role in the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, a landmark that _______ the ingenuity and perseverance of its builders.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) have symbolized
B) were symbolizing
C) symbolizes
D) symbolize
18. Researchers studying urban heat islands noted that dense tree cover can significantly lower surface temperatures in cities. If additional green spaces were introduced into heavily paved neighborhoods, _______ the researchers set out to investigate.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) would local temperatures decrease.
B) local temperatures would decrease.
C) local temperatures would decrease?
D) would local temperatures decrease?
19. In 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon. Their mission objectives were _______ conduct experiments on the lunar surface, collect rock samples, and take photographs of the terrain for scientific study.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) threefold: to
B) threefold. To
C) threefold to
D) threefold; to
20. Biochemist Jennifer Doudna, along with her collaborator Emmanuelle Charpentier, _______ awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on CRISPR gene-editing technology. Their discovery has revolutionized genetics and medicine.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) is
B) was
C) were
D) has been
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