JULIET:

Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day.

• Explanation: Juliet is asking Romeo why he must leave so soon, as it’s still not daylight.
• Analysis: Juliet’s hesitation to say goodbye shows her deep love for Romeo and her unwillingness to face the reality of the morning.
• Device: Rhetorical Question – Juliet uses a question to express her desire for Romeo to stay. This highlights her reluctance to part with him.

It was the nightingale, and not the lark,
That pierced the fearful hollow of thine ear.

• Explanation: Juliet insists that the sound Romeo heard was the nightingale, a bird that sings at night, not the lark, which sings in the morning.
• Analysis: Juliet uses this as an attempt to delay Romeo’s departure, hoping to convince him that it’s still night and they have more time together.
• Device: Metaphor – The sound of the bird is metaphorically described as “piercing” Romeo’s ear, suggesting that the early morning sound is unpleasant for him.

Nightly she sings on yond pomegranate tree.
Believe me, love, it was the nightingale.

• Explanation: Juliet continues, claiming the nightingale sings on the pomegranate tree and asks Romeo to believe her.
• Analysis: Juliet wants to hold on to the night, a time when they can be together. The pomegranate tree symbolizes the fleeting beauty of their love.
• Device: Imagery – The “pomegranate tree” evokes a vivid image of nature and the time of night, setting a peaceful and intimate mood.

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ROMEO:

It was the lark, the herald of the morn,
No nightingale. Look, love, what envious streaks
Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east.

• Explanation: Romeo disagrees and asserts that it was the lark, which sings at dawn. He points out the early light in the sky, signaling the morning.
• Analysis: Romeo recognizes the inevitable approach of day and uses it to argue that it’s time for him to leave. He uses nature imagery to show that the morning has come.
• Device: Metaphor – The lark is called the “herald of the morn,” comparing the bird to a messenger of daybreak. The “envious streaks” in the clouds refer to the rays of light from the rising sun.

Night’s candles are burnt out, and jocund day
Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain-tops.

• Explanation: Romeo continues, saying that the night has ended (“night’s candles are burnt out”) and day is standing on the mountaintops, ready to begin.
• Analysis: Romeo personifies the day as “jocund” (joyful) and describes it as standing “tiptoe,” emphasizing the excitement of the new day and the urgency for him to leave.
• Device: Personification – Day is personified as “jocund” and standing “tiptoe,” making the day seem like a person eagerly coming into view.

I must be gone and live, or stay and die.

• Explanation: Romeo says that he must leave to stay alive, or stay and risk dying.
• Analysis: This highlights the stakes of their situation: Romeo must leave to avoid danger, and he is willing to face death if necessary to stay with Juliet.
• Device: Antithesis – The contrast between “gone and live” and “stay and die” emphasizes the tension between his love for Juliet and the reality of his situation.

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JULIET:

Yond light is not daylight, I know it, I.

• Explanation: Juliet refuses to accept that it’s daylight, continuing to believe that the light is not real daylight.
• Analysis: Juliet denies the obvious truth of the dawn, clinging to her desire to keep Romeo with her a little longer.
• Device: Repetition – The repetition of “I know it, I” emphasizes Juliet’s firm belief that it’s not day yet.

It is some meteor that the sun exhaled
To be to thee this night a torchbearer
And light thee on thy way to Mantua.

• Explanation: Juliet imagines that the light is a meteor, created by the sun, sent to guide Romeo to Mantua safely.
• Analysis: This is Juliet’s fantasy, trying to explain away the daylight as something temporary that doesn’t signal Romeo’s departure.
• Device: Metaphor – The light is described as a “torchbearer,” which metaphorically means it’s guiding Romeo on his journey.

Therefore stay yet. Thou need’st not to be gone.

• Explanation: Juliet urges Romeo to stay, telling him he doesn’t need to leave yet.
• Analysis: Juliet desperately wants to prolong their time together, and she’s using the light as an excuse to convince him.

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ROMEO:

Let me be ta’en; let me be put to death.
I am content, so thou wilt have it so.

• Explanation: Romeo, expressing his devotion to Juliet, says he would rather face death than leave her.
• Analysis: Romeo’s willingness to face death emphasizes the depth of his love for Juliet. He is fully committed to her, even in the face of danger.
• Device: Hyperbole – Romeo exaggerates his willingness to face death to convey the intensity of his emotions.

I’ll say yon gray is not the morning’s eye;
’Tis but the pale reflex of Cynthia’s brow.

• Explanation: Romeo continues to argue that the gray light isn’t the morning’s eye (sunrise) but the reflection of the moon (Cynthia, the goddess of the moon).
• Analysis: Romeo uses the moon to explain the light away, showing his desire to stay in the night with Juliet.
• Device: Allusion – “Cynthia” is an allusion to the moon goddess, symbolizing the night and the false hope of staying.

Nor that is not the lark whose notes do beat
The vaulty heaven so high above our heads.

• Explanation: Romeo insists that the bird they hear is not the lark, whose song fills the sky.
• Analysis: Romeo is still resisting the fact that it’s morning and is trying to delay the inevitable separation.
• Device: Metaphor – The lark’s song is described as “beating the vaulty heaven,” comparing the bird’s flight to the vastness of the sky.

I have more care to stay than will to go.

• Explanation: Romeo admits that he would rather stay with Juliet than leave, showing his deep emotional conflict.
• Analysis: This line emphasizes Romeo’s inner struggle between his love for Juliet and his need to leave for his safety.
• Device: Juxtaposition – The contrast between “care to stay” and “will to go” shows the emotional pull he feels to both stay and leave.

Come death and welcome. Juliet wills it so.

• Explanation: Romeo says he’s ready to face death if it’s what Juliet wants.
• Analysis: Romeo’s willingness to face death highlights his dedication to Juliet, though it is clear that he would rather live if it meant being with her.
• Device: Personification – “Come death and welcome” personifies death, as though it is an invited guest.

How is ’t, my soul? Let’s talk. It is not day.

• Explanation: Romeo tries to distract Juliet by talking, seeking comfort in their conversation, and denying that it’s day.
• Analysis: Romeo wants to avoid the painful reality of the morning, attempting to keep the conversation going to delay their parting.
• Device: Direct Address – Romeo calls Juliet “my soul,” emphasizing his deep emotional connection to her.

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JULIET:

It is, it is. Hie hence, begone, away!

• Explanation: Juliet finally acknowledges that it’s day and urges Romeo to leave.
• Analysis: Juliet, torn between her love and reality, finally gives in and forces herself to say goodbye.
• Device: Repetition – The repetition of “it is” emphasizes her acknowledgment of the situation and her reluctance to face it.

It is the lark that sings so out of tune,
Straining harsh discords and unpleasing sharps.

• Explanation: Juliet claims that the lark’s song is unpleasant, symbolizing the harshness of their separation.
• Analysis: Juliet rejects the idea of the lark’s song being sweet, instead describing it as discordant, representing the pain of their parting.
• Device: Imagery – The “discords” and “unpleasing sharps” create a vivid image of the lark’s song as harsh and painful.

Some say the lark makes sweet division.
This doth not so, for she divideth us.

• Explanation: Juliet acknowledges that some people think the lark’s song divides day and night sweetly, but for her and Romeo, it divides them, forcing them to separate.
• Analysis: Juliet contrasts the idea of sweet division with her own painful experience of separation, emphasizing the emotional cost.
• Device: Paradox – The “sweet division” of the lark’s song is paradoxical because, instead of bringing harmony, it brings pain and separation.

Some say the lark and loathèd toad changed eyes.
O, now I would they had changed voices too,

• Explanation: Juliet refers to a superstition that the lark and toad once swapped eyes. She wishes that they had also swapped voices, meaning she wishes the lark’s song wasn’t so painful.
• Analysis: Juliet expresses frustration with the situation, wishing for an impossible change to relieve her pain.
• Device: Allusion – The superstition of the lark and toad changing eyes is an allusion, symbolizing Juliet’s wish for a change in circumstances.

Since arm from arm that voice doth us affray,
Hunting thee hence with hunt’s-up to the day.

• Explanation: Juliet says the lark’s voice causes pain, and it drives Romeo away with its call to the day.
• Analysis: The “hunt’s-up” refers to the hunting horn used at dawn, signaling the beginning of the day’s activities, and represents the harshness of reality breaking through their love.
• Device: Symbolism – The “hunt’s-up” symbolizes the harsh reality of morning and the separation that it brings.

ROMEO:
More light and light, more dark and dark our woes.

• Explanation: Romeo reflects on how the brightness of day seems to bring more sorrow to him and Juliet as their separation becomes more imminent.
• Analysis: Romeo’s words express the paradox of love and separation, where increasing light (the new day) brings a deeper sense of darkness (their sorrow).
• Device: Antithesis – The contrast between “light and light” and “dark and dark” emphasizes the opposing emotions of joy and sorrow they face.
• Device: Repetition – The repetition of “more” highlights the intensifying nature of their woes.

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Enter Nurse.

NURSE:
Madam.

• Explanation: The Nurse enters and addresses Juliet, interrupting their intimate moment.
• Analysis: The Nurse’s arrival signals the need for Juliet to face the reality of the situation, with her mother approaching and the new day beginning.

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JULIET:
Nurse?

• Explanation: Juliet responds, surprised that the Nurse is there.
• Analysis: Juliet’s surprise suggests she was lost in the moment with Romeo, not anticipating this interruption.

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NURSE:
Your lady mother is coming to your chamber.
The day is broke; be wary; look about.

• Explanation: The Nurse informs Juliet that her mother is coming, and the day has begun. She warns her to be careful.
• Analysis: This is a pragmatic reminder that reality is intruding upon their love; Juliet must now leave her private world with Romeo to return to her family’s expectations.
• Device: Foreshadowing – The Nurse’s warning “look about” foreshadows the dangers and consequences of their love being discovered.

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JULIET:
Then, window, let day in, and let life out.

• Explanation: Juliet speaks to the window, personifying it as she asks the light (day) to enter and her life (her joy of love with Romeo) to leave.
• Analysis: Juliet’s words reveal her reluctance to face the reality of the day, as the arrival of day represents the end of her fleeting happiness with Romeo.
• Device: Personification – Juliet personifies the window and the day, ascribing them the power to control her emotions and situation.

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ROMEO:
Farewell, farewell. One kiss and I’ll descend.

• Explanation: Romeo says goodbye and asks for one last kiss before he departs.
• Analysis: The repeated use of “farewell” reflects Romeo’s emotional struggle as he reluctantly prepares to leave Juliet.
• Device: Repetition – The repetition of “farewell” emphasizes the finality of their parting.

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They kiss, and Romeo descends.

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JULIET:
Art thou gone so? Love, lord, ay husband, friend!

• Explanation: Juliet expresses disbelief and sorrow as Romeo begins to leave, calling him various terms of endearment: “love, lord, husband, friend.”
• Analysis: This line underscores Juliet’s deep emotional attachment to Romeo. The use of multiple titles shows the different roles he plays in her life, from lover to friend.
• Device: Epithets – The use of multiple terms like “love,” “lord,” “husband,” and “friend” enhances the sense of her devotion and connection to him.

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I must hear from thee every day in the hour,
For in a minute there are many days.

• Explanation: Juliet expresses her need to hear from Romeo constantly, because each minute without him feels like an eternity.
• Analysis: Juliet’s words convey her deep yearning and dependency on Romeo, emphasizing the intensity of her love.
• Device: Hyperbole – The exaggeration of “in a minute there are many days” emphasizes how much time apart feels to her.

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O, by this count I shall be much in years
Ere I again behold my Romeo.

• Explanation: Juliet expresses that it will feel like years before she sees Romeo again, though it may only be a short time.
• Analysis: This statement reflects Juliet’s sense of time being stretched and distorted by her intense emotions.
• Device: Hyperbole – Juliet exaggerates the passage of time, making it seem much longer than it really is.

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ROMEO:
Farewell.
I will omit no opportunity
That may convey my greetings, love, to thee.

• Explanation: Romeo reassures Juliet that he will seize every opportunity to send his love to her.
• Analysis: Romeo’s words reflect his deep commitment to Juliet, showing that he will not forget her despite the distance.
• Device: Promise – Romeo’s vow to convey his love highlights his dedication to their relationship.

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JULIET:
O, think’st thou we shall ever meet again?

• Explanation: Juliet anxiously asks if they will ever meet again.
• Analysis: This line shows Juliet’s fear of the future, unsure of whether their love can survive the obstacles in their way.
• Device: Rhetorical Question – Juliet’s question expresses her uncertainty and fear, adding emotional tension.

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ROMEO:
I doubt it not; and all these woes shall serve
For sweet discourses in our times to come.

• Explanation: Romeo reassures Juliet that they will meet again, and their current suffering will only make their reunion sweeter.
• Analysis: Romeo’s optimism contrasts with Juliet’s fears, showing his faith in their future together despite the trials they face.
• Device: Foreshadowing – Romeo’s words foreshadow a future where their separation and suffering will lead to greater happiness.

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JULIET:
O God, I have an ill-divining soul!
Methinks I see thee, now thou art so low,
As one dead in the bottom of a tomb.
Either my eyesight fails or thou lookest pale.

• Explanation: Juliet feels a foreboding sense of doom, imagining that Romeo looks like someone who is dead in a tomb.
• Analysis: Juliet’s premonition of death foreshadows the tragic end of the play. Her feeling of doom contrasts sharply with Romeo’s optimism.
• Device: Foreshadowing – Juliet’s vision of Romeo as a dead figure foreshadows the tragic fate that awaits them.
• Device: Imagery – The “bottom of a tomb” creates a vivid image of death and finality, emphasizing Juliet’s fear.

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ROMEO:
And trust me, love, in my eye so do you.
Dry sorrow drinks our blood. Adieu, adieu.

• Explanation: Romeo reassures Juliet that she too looks pale, indicating that they share the same sorrow. He bids her farewell again.
• Analysis: Romeo acknowledges their shared pain, and the phrase “dry sorrow drinks our blood” conveys the intense emotional toll their separation is taking on them.
• Device: Metaphor – “Dry sorrow drinks our blood” is a metaphor for the way sorrow consumes them emotionally.
• Device: Alliteration – The repetition of the “d” sound in “dry,” “drinks,” and “adieu” emphasizes the heaviness of the moment.

JULIET: O Fortune, Fortune, all men call thee fickle.
If thou art fickle, what dost thou with him
That is renowned for faith? Be fickle, Fortune,
For then I hope thou wilt not keep him long,
But send him back.

• Explanation: Juliet expresses frustration with Fortune, personifying it as fickle (changeable). She wonders why such a capricious force would keep Romeo, a man known for his loyalty and faithfulness, away from her. She hopes that if Fortune is indeed fickle, it will soon reunite her with Romeo.
• Analysis: Juliet’s speech reflects her emotional turmoil and confusion over the unpredictable nature of fate, which has torn her from Romeo. She wants to believe that Fortune’s capriciousness will eventually bring Romeo back to her.
• Device: Personification – Juliet speaks to Fortune as though it were a person capable of decision-making.
• Device: Rhetorical Question – The questions “what dost thou with him” and “For then I hope thou wilt not keep him long” highlight her confusion and frustration.

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Enter Lady Capulet.

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LADY CAPULET:
Ho, daughter, are you up?

• Explanation: Lady Capulet enters, calling for Juliet, indicating it’s early in the morning.
• Analysis: Lady Capulet’s presence interrupts Juliet’s soliloquy, shifting the focus from her private sorrow to the maternal concern of Lady Capulet.
• Device: Simple Question – The question “are you up?” creates a sense of urgency or surprise at Juliet’s early rise.

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JULIET:
Who is ’t that calls? It is my lady mother.
Is she not down so late or up so early?
What unaccustomed cause procures her hither?

• Explanation: Juliet is surprised that her mother is up and about so early and wonders what has brought her there.
• Analysis: Juliet’s surprise suggests that her mother’s early appearance is unusual, reflecting a sense of distance between them.
• Device: Rhetorical Question – The questions show Juliet’s confusion and curiosity about her mother’s visit.

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LADY CAPULET:
Why, how now, Juliet?

• Explanation: Lady Capulet responds with surprise, noticing that Juliet seems unwell.
• Analysis: The use of “how now” reflects Lady Capulet’s concern, though it may also imply a degree of frustration at Juliet’s emotional state.

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JULIET:
Madam, I am not well.

• Explanation: Juliet claims she is not feeling well, possibly to avoid further questioning about her grief.
• Analysis: Juliet’s response may be a way to deflect further interrogation and maintain a semblance of composure.
• Device: Understatement – Juliet downplays her emotional distress by claiming she is only “not well,” though she is deeply grieving.

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LADY CAPULET:
Evermore weeping for your cousin’s death?
What, wilt thou wash him from his grave with tears?
An if thou couldst, thou couldst not make him live.
Therefore have done. Some grief shows much of love,
But much of grief shows still some want of wit.

• Explanation: Lady Capulet scolds Juliet for mourning Tybalt’s death, suggesting that excessive grief does not honor the dead and is a sign of foolishness.
• Analysis: Lady Capulet’s attitude contrasts sharply with Juliet’s emotional response, showing the generational divide between their expressions of grief.
• Device: Hyperbole – “Wilt thou wash him from his grave with tears?” exaggerates Juliet’s mourning, portraying it as excessive.
• Device: Irony – Lady Capulet suggests that excessive grief is a lack of wisdom, while Juliet’s grief stems from genuine love and sorrow.
• Device: Antithesis – The contrast between “some grief shows much of love” and “much of grief shows still some want of wit” highlights different perspectives on mourning.

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JULIET:
Yet let me weep for such a feeling loss.

• Explanation: Juliet insists on grieving for Tybalt, claiming it is a natural response to her loss.
• Analysis: Juliet defies her mother’s judgment and affirms that mourning is a necessary expression of her love and grief.
• Device: Repetition – “Let me weep” emphasizes Juliet’s determination to grieve openly.

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LADY CAPULET:
So shall you feel the loss, but not the friend
Which you weep for.

• Explanation: Lady Capulet dismisses Juliet’s mourning, saying that she will feel the loss but cannot bring Tybalt back.
• Analysis: Lady Capulet’s words suggest a cold, pragmatic view of death, contrasting with Juliet’s emotional and personal reaction.
• Device: Contrast – The contrast between “feel the loss” and “not the friend” highlights the lack of empathy from Lady Capulet.

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JULIET:
Feeling so the loss,
I cannot choose but ever weep the friend.

• Explanation: Juliet responds that her grief is not just about the loss of Tybalt, but also for the man she loved—Romeo—who killed him.
• Analysis: Juliet’s reply indicates her complex emotional state, where she grieves both Tybalt’s death and her love for Romeo.
• Device: Chiasmus – The inversion of “Feeling so the loss” and “ever weep the friend” creates a balanced structure that emphasizes her divided grief.

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LADY CAPULET:
Well, girl, thou weep’st not so much for his death
As that the villain lives which slaughtered him.

• Explanation: Lady Capulet accuses Juliet of grieving for Romeo’s life, not Tybalt’s death, implying that she is more upset by Romeo’s survival than her cousin’s demise.
• Analysis: Lady Capulet misinterprets Juliet’s grief, revealing the tension in their relationship and the misunderstanding of Juliet’s true feelings.
• Device: Characterization – Lady Capulet’s harsh judgment and inability to understand Juliet’s emotions further define her character as unsympathetic.

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JULIET, aside:
Villain and he be many miles asunder.
God pardon him. I do with all my heart,
And yet no man like he doth grieve my heart.

• Explanation: Juliet thinks to herself that while Romeo is far away, she still loves him and is tormented by his actions.
• Analysis: This aside reveals Juliet’s internal conflict—she still loves Romeo despite his role in Tybalt’s death, showing the complexity of her emotions.
• Device: Aside – Juliet speaks privately to herself, revealing her hidden thoughts.
• Device: Oxymoron – The idea that she pardons Romeo while also grieving for him creates an emotional contradiction, highlighting the complexity of love and hatred.

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LADY CAPULET:
That is because the traitor murderer lives.

• Explanation: Lady Capulet accuses Romeo of being a “traitor murderer,” highlighting her bitterness towards him for killing Tybalt.
• Analysis: This statement further illustrates Lady Capulet’s unforgiving nature and her desire for vengeance.
• Device: Characterization – The use of “traitor murderer” portrays Lady Capulet as consumed by anger and vengeance.

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JULIET:
Ay, madam, from the reach of these my hands.
Would none but I might venge my cousin’s death!

• Explanation: Juliet expresses her wish that she could avenge Tybalt’s death herself, but acknowledges that her hands cannot reach Romeo.
• Analysis: Juliet’s desire for vengeance reflects her anger and helplessness in the face of her love for Romeo and the demands of her family.
• Device: Metaphor – “From the reach of these my hands” symbolizes her inability to act on her feelings, as she cannot physically reach Romeo to harm him.

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LADY CAPULET:
We will have vengeance for it, fear thou not.
Then weep no more. I’ll send to one in Mantua,
Where that same banished runagate doth live,
Shall give him such an unaccustomed dram
That he shall soon keep Tybalt company.
And then, I hope, thou wilt be satisfied.

• Explanation: Lady Capulet assures Juliet that vengeance will be exacted, and that she will send someone to bring Romeo’s death.
• Analysis: Lady Capulet’s assurance of vengeance highlights her vengeful mindset and her desire for justice for Tybalt’s death, not knowing that Juliet’s loyalty lies with Romeo.
• Device: Irony – Lady Capulet’s plan for revenge contrasts with Juliet’s hidden affection for Romeo.

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JULIET:
Indeed, I never shall be satisfied
With Romeo till I behold him—dead—
Is my poor heart, so for a kinsman vexed.

• Explanation: Juliet expresses a chilling sentiment, stating that she will not be satisfied until Romeo is dead, although her heart is torn.
• Analysis: This statement reveals Juliet’s internal conflict; she feels torn between her family’s wishes for vengeance and her love for Romeo.
• Device: Dramatic Irony – The audience knows that Juliet does not want Romeo dead, creating tension between her words and her true feelings.

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LADY CAPULET:
Find thou the means, and I’ll find such a man.

• Explanation: Lady Capulet agrees to help Juliet find a way to have Romeo killed.
• Analysis: Lady Capulet’s readiness to assist Juliet in the pursuit of vengeance underscores her determination and the rift between mother and daughter.
• Device: Foreshadowing – This agreement foreshadows the tragic events that will unfold as a result of the family’s pursuit of vengeance.

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JULIET:
But now I’ll tell thee joyful tidings, girl.

• Explanation: Lady Capulet shifts the conversation to what she believes are good news for Juliet, though the “joyful tidings” are actually far from joyful.
• Analysis: The sudden shift in tone sets up a false hope for Juliet, highlighting the dramatic irony of the situation.
• Device: Dramatic Irony – The “joyful tidings” are actually more troubling for Juliet, who is about to be manipulated by her mother.

Lady Capulet: “One who, to put thee from thy heaviness,
Hath sorted out a sudden day of joy
That thou expects not, nor I looked not for.”

• Explanation: Lady Capulet says that someone has planned a happy event to cheer Juliet up, a “day of joy” that neither of them expected.
• Language Device: Irony – The “day of joy” that Lady Capulet refers to is Juliet’s upcoming marriage to Paris, but Juliet doesn’t find this joyous at all.

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Juliet: “Madam, in happy time! What day is that?”

• Explanation: Juliet, sarcastically, responds that she is pleased to hear about a “happy day,” and asks what day it is, unaware that it’s the day she is to marry Paris.
• Language Device: Sarcasm – Juliet is not genuinely happy about the news but expresses the opposite.

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Lady Capulet: “Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn
The gallant, young, and noble gentleman,
The County Paris, at Saint Peter’s Church
Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride.”

• Explanation: Lady Capulet announces that Juliet will marry Paris early next Thursday at Saint Peter’s Church.
• Language Device: Epithets – “Gallant,” “young,” and “noble” are used to describe Paris, idealizing him as the perfect match for Juliet, even though Juliet doesn’t agree.

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Juliet: “Now, by Saint Peter’s Church, and Peter too,
He shall not make me there a joyful bride!”

• Explanation: Juliet swears by Saint Peter’s Church that she will not marry Paris. She emphasizes her refusal.
• Language Device: Hyperbole – She dramatically swears by the church, indicating the seriousness of her rejection.

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Juliet: “I wonder at this haste, that I must wed
Ere he that should be husband comes to woo.”

• Explanation: Juliet questions why she is being forced into marriage so quickly, especially when Paris hasn’t even courted her yet.
• Language Device: Rhetorical Question – Juliet’s question shows her frustration and disbelief at the situation.

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Juliet: “I pray you, tell my lord and father, madam,
I will not marry yet, and when I do I swear
It shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate,
Rather than Paris. These are news indeed!”

• Explanation: Juliet insists she won’t marry Paris and declares that if she does marry, it will be Romeo, whom her family believes she hates.
• Language Device: Dramatic Irony – The audience knows that Juliet secretly loves Romeo, but her family believes she hates him, which creates tension in the scene.

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Lady Capulet: “Here comes your father. Tell him so yourself,
And see how he will take it at your hands.”

• Explanation: Lady Capulet tells Juliet that her father is coming, and she should tell him her refusal directly.
• Language Device: Foreshadowing – Lady Capulet hints that Capulet will not take Juliet’s refusal kindly, foreshadowing a harsh reaction.

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Enter Capulet and Nurse.

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Capulet: “When the sun sets, the earth doth drizzle dew,
But for the sunset of my brother’s son
It rains downright.”

• Explanation: Capulet uses a metaphor comparing the gentle dew after sunset to the intense mourning for his nephew’s death. He says, for his nephew, Tybalt, it “rains” with grief.
• Language Device: Metaphor – Comparing Tybalt’s death to a rainstorm shows the intensity of his grief.

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Capulet: “How now, a conduit, girl? What, still in tears?
Evermore show’ring? In one little body
Thou counterfeits a bark, a sea, a wind.”

• Explanation: Capulet is frustrated with Juliet’s constant weeping, comparing her tears to a storm, saying she is like a ship lost at sea, tossing in a storm of emotions.
• Language Device: Extended Metaphor – Capulet uses a metaphor to describe Juliet as a ship (“bark”) on a tumultuous sea, symbolizing her grief.

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Capulet: “For still thy eyes, which I may call the sea,
Do ebb and flow with tears; the bark thy body is,
Sailing in this salt flood; the winds thy sighs,
Who, raging with thy tears and they with them,
Without a sudden calm, will overset
Thy tempest-tossèd body.”

• Explanation: Capulet continues to expand the storm metaphor, saying that Juliet’s eyes (the sea) are constantly filled with tears (the salt flood), and her sighs are like winds causing a storm that may overwhelm her.
• Language Device: Imagery – Vivid imagery of a storm in this passage emphasizes the chaos of Juliet’s emotions.

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Capulet: “How now, wife?
Have you delivered to her our decree?”

• Explanation: Capulet asks Lady Capulet if she has told Juliet about the marriage decree.
• Language Device: Direct Address – Capulet directly addresses his wife, showing his expectation for her to handle the matter.

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Lady Capulet: “Ay, sir, but she will none, she gives you thanks.
I would the fool were married to her grave.”

• Explanation: Lady Capulet tells Capulet that Juliet refuses the marriage and expresses frustration, even wishing that Juliet were dead rather than defying them.
• Language Device: Hyperbole – Lady Capulet exaggerates her frustration by wishing Juliet were dead, emphasizing her anger.

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Capulet: “Soft, take me with you, take me with you, wife.
How, will she none? Doth she not give us thanks?
Is she not proud? Doth she not count her blessed,
Unworthy as she is, that we have wrought
So worthy a gentleman to be her bride?”

• Explanation: Capulet is angry and questions why Juliet is not thankful for the marriage, asking if she doesn’t realize how lucky she is to marry someone as noble as Paris.
• Language Device: Rhetorical Question – Capulet uses rhetorical questions to express his disbelief and frustration.

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Juliet: “Not proud you have, but thankful that you have.
Proud can I never be of what I hate,
But thankful even for hate that is meant love.”

• Explanation: Juliet responds that she is not proud of the marriage, but thankful that her parents mean well. However, she adds that she cannot be proud of something she hates, referring to Paris.
• Language Device: Oxymoron – Juliet uses conflicting ideas of “hate” and “love” to show her inner conflict about the marriage.

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Capulet: “How, how, how, how? Chopped logic? What is this?
“Proud,” and “I thank you,” and “I thank you not,”
And yet “not proud”? Mistress minion you,
Thank me no thankings, nor proud me no prouds,
But fettle your fine joints ’gainst Thursday next
To go with Paris to Saint Peter’s Church,
Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither.
Out, you green-sickness carrion! Out, you baggage!
You tallow face!”

• Explanation: Capulet is furious and doesn’t understand Juliet’s mixed words. He insults her, calling her “green-sickness carrion” (meaning sickly or pale) and “baggage” (a term of insult implying she’s a burden).
• Language Device: Insults & Metaphor – Capulet insults Juliet, using harsh words like “green-sickness” to suggest she is weak or ill and “baggage” to dehumanize her.

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Lady Capulet: “Fie, fie, what, are you mad?”

• Explanation: Lady Capulet is shocked by Capulet’s fury and asks if he’s mad.
• Language Device: Exclamation – Lady Capulet’s exclamation highlights her surprise at Capulet’s outburst.

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Juliet: (kneeling)
“Good father, I beseech you on my knees,
Hear me with patience but to speak a word.”

• Explanation: Juliet begs her father, kneeling, asking for patience so she can explain herself.
• Language Device: Appeal to Emotion – Juliet uses a humble gesture (kneeling) to plead for understanding, emphasizing her desperation.

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Capulet: “Hang thee, young baggage, disobedient wretch!
I tell thee what: get thee to church o’ Thursday,
Or never after look me in the face.
Speak not; reply not; do not answer me.
My fingers itch.—Wife, we scarce thought us blessed”

• Explanation: Capulet disowns Juliet, telling her she will never see him again if she doesn’t obey. He says his “fingers itch” to punish her, indicating his anger is so great he wants to take violent action.
• Language Device: Metaphor – “My fingers itch” expresses his urge to punish Juliet physically. Hyperbole – “Never after look me in the face” is an exaggerated threat of permanent separation.

“That God had lent us but this only child,
But now I see this one is one too much,
And that we have a curse in having her.”

• Explanation: Lord Capulet starts by saying that having only one child (Juliet) seemed like a blessing from God, but now, in his frustration, he believes it has become a curse. He feels disappointed and angry with Juliet for refusing to marry the suitor he has chosen for her.
• Language Devices:
  • Hyperbole: “one is one too much” exaggerates his sense of frustration with Juliet.
  • Metaphor: Refers to having Juliet as a “curse,” likening her defiance to a punishment.

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“Out on her, hilding.”

• Explanation: “Hilding” refers to a lowly, contemptible person. Capulet is insulting Juliet, expressing his deep frustration and anger. “Out on her” is an expression of disgust.
• Language Devices:
  • Exclamation/Insult: “Out on her” is an exclamatory phrase showing Capulet’s frustration, while “hilding” is an insult.

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NURSE: “God in heaven bless her!”

• Explanation: The Nurse defends Juliet by offering a blessing. She is trying to stand up for Juliet, showing her love and care for the young girl.
• Language Devices:
  • Irony: The Nurse’s blessing contrasts with Capulet’s curse, highlighting the emotional conflict.

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“You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so.”

• Explanation: The Nurse accuses Capulet of being unfair in his judgment of Juliet. She believes Juliet does not deserve to be spoken to in such a harsh way.
• Language Devices:
  • Direct address: “My lord” emphasizes the Nurse’s respect for Capulet, though she disagrees with his actions.
  • Rhetorical question: “to rate her so?” implies the Nurse is questioning Capulet’s harshness.

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CAPULET: “And why, my Lady Wisdom? Hold your tongue.
Good Prudence, smatter with your gossips, go.”

• Explanation: Capulet dismisses the Nurse, calling her “Lady Wisdom” sarcastically. He tells her to keep quiet and go gossip with others instead of meddling in matters of family.
• Language Devices:
  • Sarcasm: “Lady Wisdom” is a mock title, showing Capulet’s disdain for the Nurse’s opinion.
  • Metaphor/Allusion: “Prudence” and “gossips” refer to qualities that Capulet doesn’t believe are relevant to the serious matters he’s addressing.

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NURSE: “I speak no treason.”

• Explanation: The Nurse defends herself, claiming that she is not committing treason (disrespecting or betraying her master), but merely speaking her mind.
• Language Devices:
  • Dramatic irony: The Nurse is unaware that her disagreement with Capulet is seen as an offense, showing the tension between them.

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CAPULET: “O, God ’i’ g’ eden!”

• Explanation: A frustrated exclamation, “God in heaven,” showing Capulet’s disbelief at the situation and his anger.
• Language Devices:
  • Exclamation: Expresses shock and frustration.

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NURSE: “May not one speak?”

• Explanation: The Nurse asks if she is not allowed to speak her mind, challenging Capulet’s authority and adding to the tension.
• Language Devices:
  • Rhetorical question: The Nurse is expressing frustration and confusion over why her voice is being silenced.

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CAPULET: “Peace, you mumbling fool!
Utter your gravity o’er a gossip’s bowl,
For here we need it not.”

• Explanation: Capulet orders the Nurse to be quiet, calling her a “mumbling fool.” He sarcastically tells her to speak in a more appropriate setting, like with her friends (gossips), not during serious matters.
• Language Devices:
  • Metaphor: “Gossip’s bowl” refers to a place where gossip is shared, highlighting Capulet’s dismissal of the Nurse’s opinion as trivial.
  • Alliteration: “Mumbling fool” creates a harsh sound to emphasize his anger.

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LADY CAPULET: “You are too hot.”

• Explanation: Lady Capulet intervenes, trying to calm her husband down, telling him that he is too angry and should relax.
• Language Devices:
  • Simple metaphor: “Too hot” implies that Capulet’s anger is excessive, likening it to physical heat.

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CAPULET: “God’s bread, it makes me mad.
Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play,
Alone, in company, still my care hath been
To have her matched.”

• Explanation: Capulet expresses that he is consumed by anger. His constant focus has been to find a suitable match for Juliet, and he feels that everything he’s done has been in vain.
• Language Devices:
  • Repetition: The use of time-related words (“Day, night, hour, tide, time”) emphasizes how tirelessly Capulet has worked on this match.
  • Metaphor/Hyperbole: “God’s bread” is an oath, and “it makes me mad” shows the depth of his frustration.

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“And having now provided
A gentleman of noble parentage,
Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly ligned,
Stuffed, as they say, with honorable parts,
Proportioned as one’s thought would wish a man—
And then to have a wretched puling fool,
A whining mammet, in her fortune’s tender,
To answer ‘I’ll not wed. I cannot love.
I am too young. I pray you, pardon me.’”

• Explanation: Capulet describes the perfect suitor he has found for Juliet, emphasizing his noble qualities. He contrasts this ideal match with Juliet’s refusal, calling her foolish and childish for not accepting him.
• Language Devices:
  • Alliteration: “Noble parentage, fair demesnes” creates a rhythmic description of the suitor’s noble qualities.
  • Diction: Words like “whining” and “puling fool” are used to insult Juliet, portraying her as immature and unreasonable.

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“But, an you will not wed, I’ll pardon you!
Graze where you will, you shall not house with me.
Look to ’t; think on ’t. I do not use to jest.”

• Explanation: Capulet tells Juliet that if she refuses to marry, he will disown her. He’s serious and will not tolerate defiance.
• Language Devices:
  • Conditional statement: “But, an you will not wed, I’ll pardon you” shows Capulet giving an ultimatum.
  • Metaphor: “Graze where you will” suggests that Juliet can go live as she chooses, but without his support.

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“Thursday is near. Lay hand on heart; advise.
An you be mine, I’ll give you to my friend.
An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets,
For, by my soul, I’ll ne’er acknowledge thee,
Nor what is mine shall never do thee good.”

• Explanation: Capulet gives Juliet a final deadline (Thursday) to decide whether she will marry the suitor he’s chosen. He makes it clear that if she refuses, he will cut her off completely.
• Language Devices:
  • Foreshadowing: “Thursday is near” signals the approaching deadline for Juliet’s decision.
  • Metaphor: “Hang, beg, starve, die in the streets” emphasizes the extreme consequences of Juliet’s refusal.

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“Trust to ’t; bethink you. I’ll not be forsworn.”

• Explanation: Capulet tells Juliet that he won’t change his mind. He’s resolute in his decision and will not go back on his word.
• Language Devices:
  • Oath: “I’ll not be forsworn” shows his determination to keep his promise.

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He exits.

• Explanation: This marks the end of Capulet’s speech. He leaves the scene, leaving Juliet to contemplate his harsh words.

Juliet’s Plea for Help (Lines 1-5):

• “Is there no pity sitting in the clouds / That sees into the bottom of my grief?”
  • Juliet feels abandoned and despondent. She wonders if there is any divine compassion that can see and understand her suffering.
• “O sweet my mother, cast me not away. / Delay this marriage for a month, a week, / Or, if you do not, make the bridal bed / In that dim monument where Tybalt lies.”
  • Juliet begs her mother to delay her marriage to Paris, even asking that if it cannot be delayed, she would rather die and join Tybalt in the tomb.

Lady Capulet’s Response (Lines 6-8):

• “Talk not to me, for I’ll not speak a word. / Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee.”
  • Lady Capulet is angry and dismissive. She refuses to listen to Juliet’s plea and emotionally withdraws from her daughter.

Juliet’s Desperation (Lines 9-13):

• “O God! O nurse, how shall this be prevented? / My husband is on Earth, my faith in heaven. / How shall that faith return again to Earth / Unless that husband send it me from heaven / By leaving Earth?”
  • Juliet is torn. She feels that her faith (in Romeo) is in heaven while he, her husband, is on Earth. She believes only Romeo’s return (even if he were to return from the dead) could resolve her despair.
• “Comfort me; counsel me.”
  • Juliet turns to her Nurse, pleading for guidance.

The Nurse’s Response (Lines 14-22):

• “Romeo is banished, and all the world to nothing / That he dares ne’er come back to challenge you, / Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth.”
  • The Nurse gives Juliet the painful news of Romeo’s banishment, asserting that Romeo cannot return openly.
• “Then, since the case so stands as now it doth, / I think it best you married with the County. / O, he’s a lovely gentleman!”
  • The Nurse, pragmatically and somewhat cynically, suggests that Juliet should marry Paris instead, as Romeo is in no position to return.
• “Romeo’s a dishclout to him. An eagle, madam, / Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye / As Paris hath.”
  • The Nurse compares Paris to an eagle, praising his qualities over Romeo’s, suggesting Paris is a far better match for Juliet.

Juliet’s Response (Lines 23-25):

• “Speak’st thou from thy heart?”
  • Juliet questions the Nurse, asking if she truly believes what she is saying.

The Nurse’s Reaffirmation (Lines 26-28):

• “And from my soul too, else beshrew them both.”
  • The Nurse confirms her sincerity, saying she speaks from the heart and soul.

Juliet’s Reaction (Lines 29-31):

• “Amen.”
  • Juliet responds with bitterness and acceptance of the Nurse’s words.
• “Well, thou hast comforted me marvelous much.”
  • Juliet sarcastically thanks the Nurse for offering her comfort, but she is now disillusioned by her advice.
• “Go in and tell my lady I am gone, / Having displeased my father, to Lawrence’ cell / To make confession and to be absolved.”
  • Juliet fabricates a plan to leave, saying she is going to see Friar Lawrence to confess and seek absolution, as if her departure is an act of repentance.

The Nurse’s Departure (Lines 32-33):

• “Marry, I will; and this is wisely done.”
  • The Nurse, thinking Juliet is making a wise choice, agrees to her plan and exits.

Juliet’s Soliloquy (Lines 34-39):

• “Ancient damnation, O most wicked fiend! / Is it more sin to wish me thus forsworn / Or to dispraise my lord with that same tongue / Which she hath praised him with above compare / So many thousand times?”
  • Juliet is anguished, feeling torn between her love for Romeo and the Nurse’s betrayal. She calls the Nurse a “wicked fiend” for advising her to marry Paris, accusing her of hypocrisy in turning against Romeo, whom she had once praised.
• “Go, counselor. / Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain.”
  • Juliet now feels she can no longer trust the Nurse, severing their bond.
• “I’ll to the Friar to know his remedy. / If all else fail, myself have power to die.”
  • Juliet resolves to seek Friar Lawrence’s help, contemplating suicide if all else fails.